Black and Tan Fantasy is a 1927 jazz composition by Duke Ellington and his trumpeter Bubber Miley. It was recorded in 1927 as a single by Duke Ellington and his Washingtonians for Brunswick, Victor and Okeh; the Victor version is in the Grammy Hall of Fame. The piece was performed by Ellington's orchestra in the 1929 RKO short film Black and Tan. The copyright was registered on July 16, 1927 and the work entered the public domain on January 1, 2023, though the 1927 recordings themselves will not enter the public domain until 2049. Musically it begins in B flat minor and modulates to B flat major after a twelve bar blues introduction, and it ends with a quotation from Chopin's Funeral March; Miley provided the main creative thrust and drew on blues, Harlem jazz textures and a spiritual influence. The tune has been widely recorded and later expanded in 1938 as Prologue to Black and Tan Fantasy and The New Black and Tan Fantasy.
